Liquid Cattle Manure Application to Soil and Its Effect on Crop Growth, Yield, Composition, and on Soil Properties

Soil application of liquid cattle manure (LCM) (excrements plus urine, occasionally containing bedding material) can enhance plant growth and increase crop yield (Beauchamp, 1986; Culley et al., 1981; Evans et al., 1977; Kaffka & Kanneganti, 1996; Lithourgidis et al., 2007; Matsi et al., 2003; Motavalli et al., 1989; Sutton et al., 1986; Zhang et al., 2006; Zebarth et al., 1996). In most of the cases, crop yield increases are accompanied by increases in plant macronutrients concentration and/or uptake (Culley et al., 1981; Lithourgidis et al., 2007; Matsi et al., 2003; Motavalli et al., 1989; Sutton et al., 1986).